Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition where the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs (such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum) weaken, causing one or more of these organs to drop or press into the vagina. While prolapse is most commonly seen in women who have gone through childbirth or menopause, it can affect women of all ages and significantly impact quality of life.
Causes of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Several factors contribute to pelvic organ prolapse, including:
- Childbirth: Vaginal delivery is a major risk factor, particularly if a woman has had multiple deliveries or a difficult labour.
- Ageing and Menopause: As women age and oestrogen levels drop, the pelvic tissues become weaker, increasing the likelihood of prolapse.
- Chronic Strain: Persistent coughing, constipation, or heavy lifting can put excess pressure on the pelvic floor, weakening its support.
- Genetic Predisposition: Some women are naturally more prone to pelvic floor issues due to inherited tissue weakness.
- Obesity: Extra weight increases pressure on the pelvic organs, contributing to prolapse.
Symptoms of Prolapse
Symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse can vary depending on the severity and type of prolapse, but common signs include:
- A feeling of pressure or heaviness in the pelvic area
- Bulging tissue protruding from the vagina
- Discomfort or pain during intercourse
- Difficulty urinating or emptying the bowels
- Lower back pain
- Increased frequency or urgency in urination
Women may notice that symptoms worsen after standing for long periods or lifting heavy objects.
Types of Prolapse
There are different types of prolapse depending on which organ is affected:
- Cystocele (Bladder Prolapse): When the bladder drops into the vagina.
- Rectocele (Rectal Prolapse): When the rectum bulges into the vagina.
- Uterine Prolapse: When the uterus descends into the vaginal canal.
- Enterocele: When the small intestine pushes into the vaginal wall.
- Vaginal Vault Prolapse: When the top of the vaginal wall sags, often following a hysterectomy.
Treatment Options
The treatment of pelvic organ prolapse depends on the severity of the symptoms and a woman’s personal preferences. Options range from lifestyle modifications to surgical interventions.
- Lifestyle Changes and Physiotherapy:
- Pelvic Floor Exercises: Strengthening the pelvic floor through physiotherapy or Kegel exercises can improve mild prolapse symptoms.
- Weight Management: Losing excess weight may alleviate pressure on the pelvic organs.
- Avoid Strain: Minimising heavy lifting and managing chronic coughing or constipation helps reduce further weakening of the pelvic floor.
- Pessary: A pessary is a device inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs. It’s a non-surgical option that can provide significant relief for many women.
- Surgical Repair: For women with severe prolapse or when other treatments fail, surgery may be the best option. There are different surgical techniques, depending on the type of prolapse and the patient’s needs. In some cases, mesh may be used for additional support, though this option is considered carefully due to potential risks.
- Morpheus8 for Vaginal Tissue Quality Improvement: For some women, treatments like Morpheus8 can help improve the quality of vaginal tissue, which may alleviate some prolapse symptoms when combined with other therapies. This approach involves stimulating collagen production to enhance the strength and elasticity of the tissue.
When to Seek Help
It’s important to seek medical advice if you experience symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, especially if they affect your daily life or cause discomfort. Early intervention can prevent the condition from worsening and help you regain comfort and control.
At Dr. Sharon Li’s clinic, we offer personalised consultations to assess the severity of prolapse and discuss the best treatment options tailored to your needs. Whether you’re looking for conservative treatments or considering surgery, our team is here to support you every step of the way.
Dr Sharon Xian Li (MED0001402739)
Registered Medical Practitioner, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
Bachelor of Medicine and a Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)
Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
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