Fibroid Awareness Month (July, 2024)

July is Fibroid Awareness Month!!

What Are Fibroids?

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are a common concern for many women, particularly those in their reproductive years. While fibroids are typically benign, they can cause a range of symptoms that may impact daily life. Let’s dive into what fibroids are, their symptoms, causes, and available treatment options.

Fibroids are muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus. They can vary greatly in size, from tiny seedlings undetectable by the human eye to bulky masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus. A woman may have a single fibroid or multiple ones.

Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms, while others may have severe and disruptive symptoms. Common symptoms include:

– Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Prolonged periods or significant menstrual bleeding can lead to anemia.
– Pelvic Pain and Pressure: This can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and can be persistent or intermittent.
– Frequent Urination: A large fibroid may press against the bladder, causing a need to urinate more often.
– Constipation: Pressure on the rectum can lead to difficulty with bowel movements.
– Back and Leg Pain: Fibroids can press on nerves causing pain in the back or legs.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors may influence their development:

– Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that stimulate the development of the uterine lining during each menstrual cycle, appear to promote the growth of fibroids.
– Genetic Changes: Many fibroids contain changes in genes that differ from those in normal uterine muscle cells.
– Family History: Fibroids may run in families. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you’re at increased risk of developing them.
– Other Growth Factors: Substances that help the body maintain tissues, such as insulin-like growth factor, may affect fibroid growth.

Diagnosing Fibroids

Fibroids are often found during a routine pelvic exam. Your doctor may feel irregularities in the shape of your uterus, suggesting the presence of fibroids. Several imaging tests can be used to confirm the diagnosis, including:

– Ultrasound: This is the most common imaging test used to identify fibroids.
– MRI: This can show the size and location of fibroids, identify different types of tumors, and help determine appropriate treatment options.
– Hysterosonography: This uses sterile saline to expand the uterine cavity, making it easier to obtain ultrasound images of submucosal fibroids.
– Hysteroscopy: This involves inserting a small, lighted telescope through your cervix into your uterus, allowing your doctor to examine the walls of your uterus and the openings of your fallopian tubes.

When to See a Doctor for Heavy Periods Due to Fibroids

Heavy menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia, is a common symptom of fibroids. If you’re experiencing unusually heavy periods, it’s essential to know when to seek medical advice. Here are some key signs that indicate you should see a doctor:

1. Excessive Bleeding

If you’re using more than one pad or tampon every hour for several hours in a row, or if you’re changing your protection frequently due to heavy bleeding, it’s time to consult a healthcare provider.

2. Prolonged Menstrual Periods

Periods that last longer than seven days or significantly extend your typical cycle may be a sign that fibroids are affecting your menstrual flow.

3. Severe Pain

Heavy periods accompanied by severe pelvic pain or cramping can indicate that fibroids are causing complications or significant discomfort. If pain is impacting your daily activities or causing concern, it’s important to seek medical advice.

4. Anemia Symptoms

If you experience symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath, it could be due to excessive blood loss from heavy periods. Anemia is a serious condition that needs medical attention.

5. Interference with Daily Life

When heavy bleeding affects your ability to go about your daily activities, such as work or social engagements, it’s time to see a GP or specialist. Effective management and treatment options are available to improve your quality of life.

6. Unexpected Changes in Menstrual Patterns

If you notice sudden changes in your menstrual cycle, such as increased bleeding, spotting between periods, or irregular cycles, consult with a healthcare provider. These changes could indicate fibroids or other underlying issues.

7. No Improvement with Over-the-Counter Medications

If over-the-counter medications or home remedies are not helping manage your symptoms, it’s essential to seek professional advice. Your doctor can provide targeted treatments and evaluate the need for further investigation.

Remember: If you’re ever unsure about your symptoms or feel concerned about your health, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice. Early intervention can help manage symptoms effectively and improve your overall well-being.

Treatment Options

Not all fibroids require treatment. When treatment is necessary, options include:

– Medications: These can help regulate your menstrual cycle, treat symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure, and potentially shrink fibroids.
– Noninvasive Procedures: MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) is a newer surgical option that destroys fibroids with sound waves.
– Minimally Invasive Procedures: Options include uterine artery embolization (UAE), laparoscopic or robotic myomectomy, and endometrial ablation.
– Traditional Surgical Procedures: These include abdominal myomectomy and hysterectomy, which may be necessary if other treatments are ineffective or if the fibroids are very large.

Conclusion

Fibroids are a common but often misunderstood condition. By increasing awareness and understanding of fibroids, we can help women recognize symptoms, seek appropriate medical care, and explore the best treatment options for their needs. If you have concerns about fibroids, talk to your healthcare provider for personalized advice and support.

Remember: Knowledge is power. Spread the word this Fibroid Awareness Month and help others learn more about this important women’s health issue.

 

-Dr Sharon Xian Li (MED0001402739)

Registered Medical Practitioner, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

Bachelor of Medicine and a Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)

Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists